| Archive of "All Academic Journals (OLD VERSION)" Volume 10, Issue 7 Jul 2015 |
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ECONOMICAL AND THERMAL STUDY OF BUILDING INSULATION. THE CASE OF A CITY IN ALGERIA
Engineering Sciences and Technology Journal (ESTJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015
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The energy consumption in Algeria is increasing, between 2012 and 2013 it was +5.8% for electricity and +8.8% for gas. The residential sector consumes around 43% of the total energy consumption. Energy necessary for the heating, ventilation or air conditioning represents the majority of the energy consumption by this sector. The utilization of thermal insulation is one of the most effective ways to economise energy, unfortunately it was noticed that the Algerian urbanism authorities do not give importance to the thermal insulation in buildings; usually the price of construction is more important. This paper investigates the thermal behaviour of external wall used in building under the real climatic conditions of a chosen city in Algeria, the outdoor temperature and the solar heat flux was approximated with relationships, and used as boundary conditions in a developed FORTRAN program, to study the thermal behaviour of a multi-layer building wall. Finally, an approach to analyze economical efficiency of studied cases was developed. Results show that the current way of construction provides poor thermal insulation, they shows that by introducing an air gap of 5 cm, energy consumption and the cost of constructions would be reduced.
The energy consumption in Algeria is increasing, between 2012 and 2013 it was +5.8% for electricity and +8.8% for gas. The residential sector consumes around 43% of the total energy consumption. Energy necessary for the heating, ventilation or air conditioning represents the majority of the energy consumption by this sector. The utilization of thermal insulation is one of the most effective ways to economise energy, unfortunately it was noticed that the Algerian urbanism authorities do not give importance to the thermal insulation in buildings; usually the price of construction is more important. This paper investigates the thermal behaviour of external wall used in building under the real climatic conditions of a chosen city in Algeria, the outdoor temperature and the solar heat flux was approximated with relationships, and used as boundary conditions in a developed FORTRAN program, to study the thermal behaviour of a multi-layer building wall. Finally, an approach to analyze economical efficiency of studied cases was developed. Results show that the current way of construction provides poor thermal insulation, they shows that by introducing an air gap of 5 cm, energy consumption and the cost of constructions would be reduced.
Author(s): Y.Tamene
On fuzzy soft bitopological spaces
Mathematics and Computer Sciences Journal (MCSJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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In this paper, we introduce the concept of fuzzy soft bitopological spaces which are\ndened over an initial universe with a xed set of parameters. i-fuzzy soft open and closed set, 12-\nfuzzy soft open and closed sets, i-fuzzy soft closure, 12-fuzzy soft closure, i-fuzzy soft interior,\n12-fuzzy soft interior, i-fuzzy soft base are introduced and their basic properties are studied for\ni = 1; 2. An attempt is made to characterize them in dierent ways.
In this paper, we introduce the concept of fuzzy soft bitopological spaces which are\ndened over an initial universe with a xed set of parameters. i-fuzzy soft open and closed set, 12-\nfuzzy soft open and closed sets, i-fuzzy soft closure, 12-fuzzy soft closure, i-fuzzy soft interior,\n12-fuzzy soft interior, i-fuzzy soft base are introduced and their basic properties are studied for\ni = 1; 2. An attempt is made to characterize them in dierent ways.
Author(s): Prakash Mukherjee, Choonkil Park
Poliomyelitis in the Population Health of Pakistan
Medicine Sciences and Healthcare Journal (MSHJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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The government of Pakistan is committed to eradicate the poliomyelitis in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. This paper outlines poliomyelitis situation in Pakistan and examines the current public health prevention and control of poliomyelitis in order to protect global community. We comments to meet the challenges of preventive service provision, achievement of millennium development goals and polio end game strategic plan, Pakistan needs to improve health status of its society by priority setting partnership, resource polling, health promotion, vaccination, health system, ownership, honesty, altruitism, primary health care etc in providing health care services.
The government of Pakistan is committed to eradicate the poliomyelitis in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. This paper outlines poliomyelitis situation in Pakistan and examines the current public health prevention and control of poliomyelitis in order to protect global community. We comments to meet the challenges of preventive service provision, achievement of millennium development goals and polio end game strategic plan, Pakistan needs to improve health status of its society by priority setting partnership, resource polling, health promotion, vaccination, health system, ownership, honesty, altruitism, primary health care etc in providing health care services.
Author(s): Faheem Ahmed
The Classical (traditional) Diplomacy vs. Public Diplomacy
Social Sciences and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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To understand the difference between the classical diplomacy and public diplomacy is more than obvious to know initially with what deals the one, and with what the other. The purpose of this paper is to show the difference between the classic and the public diplomacy and to show why public diplomacy is the most important. The samples are taken from competent people who work in the institutions of Republic of Kosovo and which mainly deal with diplomacy. In this paper we will use comparative method, based on how it was developed in the past diplomacy and how is developing now. While the results show that in the past, the use of classical diplomacy was more effective, now days in the period of globalization more priority has the public diplomacy. As a conclusion, we can say that the use of public diplomacy (soft power),has many distinctions with the classical one, because public diplomacy develops contacts more with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), private individuals, etc.., whereas classical diplomacy creates direct government-to-government contacts. Keywords: classical diplomacy, public diplomacy, difference, government-to-government, government-NGO
To understand the difference between the classical diplomacy and public diplomacy is more than obvious to know initially with what deals the one, and with what the other. The purpose of this paper is to show the difference between the classic and the public diplomacy and to show why public diplomacy is the most important. The samples are taken from competent people who work in the institutions of Republic of Kosovo and which mainly deal with diplomacy. In this paper we will use comparative method, based on how it was developed in the past diplomacy and how is developing now. While the results show that in the past, the use of classical diplomacy was more effective, now days in the period of globalization more priority has the public diplomacy. As a conclusion, we can say that the use of public diplomacy (soft power),has many distinctions with the classical one, because public diplomacy develops contacts more with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), private individuals, etc.., whereas classical diplomacy creates direct government-to-government contacts. Keywords: classical diplomacy, public diplomacy, difference, government-to-government, government-NGO
Author(s): Ngadhnjim Brovina
Discovering Nabataean Civilization: The Flaws of Nelson Glueck's Theory
Social Sciences and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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This study aimed at highlighting Nelson Glueck's technique in discovering where the Nabataeans settled as he relied heavily on Nabatean's pottery. As the researcher is interested in modern theories of criticism and the interdisciplinary approach to history, he discovered some flaws with Glueck's approach. For example, pottery cannot be taken as an ethnic symbol as a result of its actual nature. In addition, there are many cases when pottery was made to be sold as a source of income. Therefore, no one can assume that those who used what is called Nabataean pottery were Nabataeans, nor can anyone identify sites containing it as Nabataean. In light of the results of this analysis which displays the faults in Glueck's argument and the difficulties in proving Nabataean identity through material culture, it is recommended that Glueck's reliance on Nabataean pottery to identify Nabataean sites is no longer justifiable and reasonable.
This study aimed at highlighting Nelson Glueck's technique in discovering where the Nabataeans settled as he relied heavily on Nabatean's pottery. As the researcher is interested in modern theories of criticism and the interdisciplinary approach to history, he discovered some flaws with Glueck's approach. For example, pottery cannot be taken as an ethnic symbol as a result of its actual nature. In addition, there are many cases when pottery was made to be sold as a source of income. Therefore, no one can assume that those who used what is called Nabataean pottery were Nabataeans, nor can anyone identify sites containing it as Nabataean. In light of the results of this analysis which displays the faults in Glueck's argument and the difficulties in proving Nabataean identity through material culture, it is recommended that Glueck's reliance on Nabataean pottery to identify Nabataean sites is no longer justifiable and reasonable.
Author(s): Prof. Fahad Mutlaq Al-Otebi
PADDY ZAKAH ACCOUNTING IN PERLIS-MALAYSIA: VIEWS OF THE FUQAHA�
Social Sciences and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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This paper aims to examine paddy zakah accounting in Perlis, Malaysia particularly in relation to its compliance with zakah requirements. Essentially, the guidelines for agriculture zakah accounting in the state of Perlis are contained in the Manual on Zakah Accounting Management as published by the Department of Wakaf, Zakah and Haj (JAWHAR), which states that agriculture zakah is assessed after deducting production costs from gross income. In addition to this stipulation, Perlis also deducts living costs from gross profit. As Perlis is unique in its adoption of farming and living costs deductions in zakah accounting, this paper seeks to determine whether this methodology of paddy zakah accounting is in compliance with the principles of zakah accounting as expounded by the al-Syafi�iy fuqaha�. The study used the content analysis approach to analyse data from both primary and secondary sources in its examination of the issue.The results of the analysis indicate that paddy zakah accounting practices in Perlis are in line with the views of the fuqaha�. Keywords: accounting, zakah, agriculture, farming costs and living costs
This paper aims to examine paddy zakah accounting in Perlis, Malaysia particularly in relation to its compliance with zakah requirements. Essentially, the guidelines for agriculture zakah accounting in the state of Perlis are contained in the Manual on Zakah Accounting Management as published by the Department of Wakaf, Zakah and Haj (JAWHAR), which states that agriculture zakah is assessed after deducting production costs from gross income. In addition to this stipulation, Perlis also deducts living costs from gross profit. As Perlis is unique in its adoption of farming and living costs deductions in zakah accounting, this paper seeks to determine whether this methodology of paddy zakah accounting is in compliance with the principles of zakah accounting as expounded by the al-Syafi�iy fuqaha�. The study used the content analysis approach to analyse data from both primary and secondary sources in its examination of the issue.The results of the analysis indicate that paddy zakah accounting practices in Perlis are in line with the views of the fuqaha�. Keywords: accounting, zakah, agriculture, farming costs and living costs
Author(s): MOHD SHUKRI HANAPI, ZAHRI HAMAT
A Post Apartheid Voyage Zimbabwe in Tendai Huchu's The Hairdresser of Harare
Social Sciences and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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In recent times the post apartheid state of Zimbabwe has been in the news for different reasons. These include poor leadership and the politics of land use. This paper seeks to view Zimbabwe from the lens of Tendai Huchu�s novel The Hairdresser of Harare. Huchu identifies power tussle, electoral fraud, failed policies, failed leadership, failed economy, same sex marriage, Western interference, crime, drug peddling as some of the problems militating against his country�s socio �economic and political progress. Harare becomes the microcosm of Zimbabwe which Huchu sees as steeped in immorality, corruption and injustice caused by poor leadership. Through Vimbai and Dumisani the leading protagonists, Huchu comments on all aspects of post apartheid Zimbabwe�s national life; now a near failed state. The paper adopts the post colonial theory which is concerned primarily with the investigation of the socio-political and cultural mechanisms used by West to cajole colonized people to accept Western culture and political system as better alternatives. The paper concludes that the tensions and internal colonialism are the roots of post apartheid Zimbabwe�s sociopolitical economics predicaments. This study would nudge to consciousness the already comatose post apartheid Zimbabwe Key words: Apartheid, Zimbabwe, corruption injustice, leadership, economy, post colonialism liberation, internal colonialism
In recent times the post apartheid state of Zimbabwe has been in the news for different reasons. These include poor leadership and the politics of land use. This paper seeks to view Zimbabwe from the lens of Tendai Huchu�s novel The Hairdresser of Harare. Huchu identifies power tussle, electoral fraud, failed policies, failed leadership, failed economy, same sex marriage, Western interference, crime, drug peddling as some of the problems militating against his country�s socio �economic and political progress. Harare becomes the microcosm of Zimbabwe which Huchu sees as steeped in immorality, corruption and injustice caused by poor leadership. Through Vimbai and Dumisani the leading protagonists, Huchu comments on all aspects of post apartheid Zimbabwe�s national life; now a near failed state. The paper adopts the post colonial theory which is concerned primarily with the investigation of the socio-political and cultural mechanisms used by West to cajole colonized people to accept Western culture and political system as better alternatives. The paper concludes that the tensions and internal colonialism are the roots of post apartheid Zimbabwe�s sociopolitical economics predicaments. This study would nudge to consciousness the already comatose post apartheid Zimbabwe Key words: Apartheid, Zimbabwe, corruption injustice, leadership, economy, post colonialism liberation, internal colonialism
Author(s): jonas Egbudu Akung
THE COMMUNICATION PARENTS - SCHOOL IN RURAL AREAS - PARENTAL POINT OF VIEW
Social Sciences and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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The parents nowadays are being part of the school as parents, as partners, as collaborators and as stakeholders. Their communication with the school and teachers plays an important role in the pupils� academic achievement in school, pupils� motivation and interest in learning. It may also serve to increase children's confidence in their abilities and interest. This study tends to present the situation of the communication and information between parents and teachers in rural areas in Shkodra District. To highlight this process we have done a questionnaire with the parents of children of 6 rural area schools in Shkodra�s District, to reflect some of their point of view about this communication. This is a point survey. To select the sample was used the sampling with stratification, where in each layer was made from a simple random sample. 300 questionnaires were distributed (mostly with closed questions) in six different villages, 50 questionnaires for each village) Shkodra district. The distribution was in rural areas in north and south of Shkodra. The distribution period was December 2013 - January 2014. The data were elaborated with SPSS.20
The parents nowadays are being part of the school as parents, as partners, as collaborators and as stakeholders. Their communication with the school and teachers plays an important role in the pupils� academic achievement in school, pupils� motivation and interest in learning. It may also serve to increase children's confidence in their abilities and interest. This study tends to present the situation of the communication and information between parents and teachers in rural areas in Shkodra District. To highlight this process we have done a questionnaire with the parents of children of 6 rural area schools in Shkodra�s District, to reflect some of their point of view about this communication. This is a point survey. To select the sample was used the sampling with stratification, where in each layer was made from a simple random sample. 300 questionnaires were distributed (mostly with closed questions) in six different villages, 50 questionnaires for each village) Shkodra district. The distribution was in rural areas in north and south of Shkodra. The distribution period was December 2013 - January 2014. The data were elaborated with SPSS.20
Author(s): Rina Muka, Irida Hoti
The Theory of Civilization of Norbert Elias as an example of temporalized sociology: A Critical discussion
Social Sciences and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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This article deals with the problem of time in terms of sociology. It is mainly focused on a) the issue of the constitution of the human consciousness of time, and b) the role time plays in general sociological theory. Special attention is given to Norbert Elias, particularly to his analysis of the evolution of human concepts of time. Critical attention is focused on what Elias failed to do or left out in his research. At the end of the essay the author shows that Elias' theory of process of civilization meets the assumptions of what is called "temporalized sociology"
This article deals with the problem of time in terms of sociology. It is mainly focused on a) the issue of the constitution of the human consciousness of time, and b) the role time plays in general sociological theory. Special attention is given to Norbert Elias, particularly to his analysis of the evolution of human concepts of time. Critical attention is focused on what Elias failed to do or left out in his research. At the end of the essay the author shows that Elias' theory of process of civilization meets the assumptions of what is called "temporalized sociology"
Author(s): Jiri Subrt
The Portal of the Majesty in the Collegiate Church of Toro. An iconographic interpretation from literary sources
Art Studies and Architectural Journal (ASAJ), Volume 10, Jul 2015 View Abstract
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The iconographic program of the Portal of the Majesty in the Collegiate Church of Toro (Zamora), carved during the reign of Sancho IV of Castile and Leon (1284-1295), was designed by the Franciscan Friar Juan Gil de Zamora, scriptor and royal secretary of Alphonse X the Wise of Castile. The complex program of this portal is organized to exalt the Virgin Mary in four ways, related to the four active presences of Mary in the vertical axis that structure its symmetrical composition. This program, focused on the Coronation of the Virgin as Queen of Heaven, deals also with three other significant expressions of glorification of Mary, such as her Resurrection / Assumption, her role as intercessor in the Last Judgment, and her identification as Gate of Heaven. Thus Juan Gil de Zamora reveals the full and conclusive meaning of the iconographic program with which he designed this splendid sculptural ensemble of Toro: the Virgin that offers her Child Jesus to the believer in the mullion, the newly revived Assunta in the lintel, the crowned Queen of Heaven in the tympanum, and the Mediator Mother imploring before his Son, the Universal Judge, at the top of the latest archivolt, manifest the canonical doctrine that considers Mary at the same time as Regina Coeli, as Mater Ecclesiae and as Ianua Coeli.
The iconographic program of the Portal of the Majesty in the Collegiate Church of Toro (Zamora), carved during the reign of Sancho IV of Castile and Leon (1284-1295), was designed by the Franciscan Friar Juan Gil de Zamora, scriptor and royal secretary of Alphonse X the Wise of Castile. The complex program of this portal is organized to exalt the Virgin Mary in four ways, related to the four active presences of Mary in the vertical axis that structure its symmetrical composition. This program, focused on the Coronation of the Virgin as Queen of Heaven, deals also with three other significant expressions of glorification of Mary, such as her Resurrection / Assumption, her role as intercessor in the Last Judgment, and her identification as Gate of Heaven. Thus Juan Gil de Zamora reveals the full and conclusive meaning of the iconographic program with which he designed this splendid sculptural ensemble of Toro: the Virgin that offers her Child Jesus to the believer in the mullion, the newly revived Assunta in the lintel, the crowned Queen of Heaven in the tympanum, and the Mediator Mother imploring before his Son, the Universal Judge, at the top of the latest archivolt, manifest the canonical doctrine that considers Mary at the same time as Regina Coeli, as Mater Ecclesiae and as Ianua Coeli.
Author(s): Jose Maria Salvador Gonzalez