Abstract
This paper presents a combined micro- and macro-approach to the fracture of highstrength pearlitic steel bars subjected to multiaxial stress states produced by notches of very different geometries. A fracture criterion based on the distortional part of the strain energy density (or, accordingly, the equivalent stress in the von Mises sense) averaged over a critical distance characteristic of the microstructure of the material is developed towards a more physically sound criterion on the basis of the process zone concept, i.e., the critical domain or fracture region is not constant, but depends on the stress triaxiality in the notched geometry under consideration. Although this combined approach is more difficult due to microstructural considerations, it may also be implemented in a computer, since the size of the aforesaid process zone can also be predicted by numerical analysis.

Abstract
Websters (2008) Kinship, Acceptance, Rejection Model of Altruism and Aggression (KARMAA) illustrates that kinship cues facilitate altruism, which is mediated by social acceptance, and that kinship insults lead to aggression, which is mediated by social exclusion. Although the relationship between kinship cues and altruism has been robustly supported, no research to date has examined the relationship between kinship insults and aggression. Therefore, the current study examined how different types of insults- social status insults and reproductive status insults - toward ones kin and friends influenced the likelihood of verbal and physical retaliation. Participants were given a questionnaire containing scenarios in which a hypothetical person insulted each participants actual sibling, cousin, or friend. Participants were asked to indicate their likelihood of insulting the insulter in return and the likelihood of physically harming the insulter on 5-point Likerttype scales. Results indicated people were significantly less likely to verbally retaliate when a cousin was insulted than when a sibling or friend was insulted. Additionally, people were just as likely to physically retaliate regardless of whether the insulter was a sibling, cousin, or friend. Males were more likely to physically retaliate toward male insulters, and females were more likely to physically retaliate toward female insulters. Females were also more likely to verbally retaliate than males, but only when the insulter was female. Finally, people were more likely to verbally and physically retaliate when a female was insulted.

Abstract
Research into the dynamics of organizational learning remains sparse, especially concerning external sources of knowledge. This paper reports a qualitative investigation of the process dynamics of cross-border inter-unit learning (CBIUL) in the recently-formed Chinese subsidiary of a multinational company. The study has two main aims: (1) to investigate the process of cross-border inter-unit knowledge transfer and the process of learning and absorption of the transferred knowledge; and (2) to identify the organizational mechanisms and strategies employed and to assess the enablers and barriers that might influence the CBIUL process. It supports previous research indicating that access to knowledge does not mean that it is learned. It highlights the impact on learning of the mechanisms and context of knowledge transfer. Social interaction between staff was a very important vehicle for knowledge sharing and learning. For social interaction to be successful, an appropriate organizational context and personal attributes are required. The interaction between formal and informal mechanisms was also found to be vital for CBIUL to take place. Finally, contrary to the common belief that absorptive capacity is the main and only impediment for successful knowledge transfer, two other influential factors were relevant, namely perceived relevance and time constraints.

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an analysis whose purpose was to establish a typology of errors and difficulties in the translations of the students in the 2nd and 3rd year of the translation studies at the Faculty of Arts. The analysis focuses on the translation of documents from business environment (business letter, term of sale) that represents specific area of translation didactics and aims to develop not only specific translation competence but also knowledge and skills related to business environment and particularities of language. The analysis scheme is divided into two parts: the first part presents the errors and mistakes that were expected as a part of the learning objectives while the second part deals with the unexpected, but systematically occurring ones. The errors and mistakes were considered on two levels, that is on the textual (i.e., language decoding), and contextual level (i.e., pragmatic errors). The analysis concludes with a comprehensive review of the errors, and by examining their probable causes.

Abstract
The terminology of finance, banking and investment is a broad field and understanding it requires not only the knowledge of the English language, but a rather good knowledge of the finance, banking and investment issues. During their studies, the students of finance and banking are required to study a lot of professional texts in the English language and the understanding of the terminology can quite frequently present a problem for them, especially if it is rather specific. In order to understand the contents of the materials, they turn to various specialised (usually on-line) dictionaries and glossaries. The contribution is meant as a general survey of the majority of the existing on-line dictionaries and glossaries dealing with the terminology of finance, banking and investment, which are in the English language. The principal aim of the paper is to examine the types of terminology and their definitions in these on-line resources from the quantitative and qualitative viewpoint. The paper is structured as follows. In the introduction, the field of finance and banking is reviewed, mainly from the aspect of its content. This is followed by a description of various types of the dictionaries and glossaries that are available today. In the core part of the contribution, we look at a wide range of features of these resources. We concentrate mainly on the entries themselves, the entry structure, the lexical and linguistic information found in these entries (e.g. phonology/pronunciation, spelling, semantics, etc.) as well as on the context and the usage. In the final part of the paper we summarize the key findings.

Abstract
In recent years, it has been widely believed that learning styles should have an effect on the ESP classroom and the idea of individualized learning styles has gained great popularity. A number of methodologists propose that assessment of students? learning styles should take the initial position in every ESP course and that all teachers should modify their methods to best fit each student. This should improve their attention, retention as well as motivation. The so called multimodal teaching has become one of the central preoccupations of the 21st century methodologists and it encompasses Gardner?s Multiple Intelligences Theory and different learning styles models which offer relatively simple and accessible methods to understand and explain people?s preferred ways to learn and develop. Since, according to many researchers, language learning styles and strategies appear to be among the most important variables influencing performance in a second language, it is clear that teachers need to become more aware of both learning styles and learning strategies through appropriate teacher training. In this way, teachers can help their students by designing instruction that meets the needs of individuals with different stylistic preferences and by teaching students how to improve their learning strategies. Moreover, understanding your own learning style should challenge the traditional views on teaching medical terminology and trigger all language teachers in a medical classroom to refresh their classes with more dynamic and effective teaching elements. This workshop aims at showing ESP teachers working with medical and nursing students how to vary different activities and at the same time accommodate different learning styles. Doing so teachers enable their students to learn through a variety of ways and help them enhance their acquisition and use of new information; in other words, they help their students become more effective learners.

Abstract
The changing paradigm of drug discovery has led to an increased role for network interaction in the bioscience industry; more recently, this has extended to academic-industry alliances. This paper presents exploratory research designed to better understand interactions between academia and industry at the basic science level. By characterizing the mindset and objectives of academic researchers and industry business development groups using exploratory case-study methodology, this study proposes a new theoretical model for collaborative research. This paper identifies the differences in academic and industry mindset and objectives and their views to academic-industry (A-I) alliances. Based on insights obtained from key stakeholders, this paper concludes by identifying the benefits of A-I collaborative research over the existing model of academic science commercialisation.

Abstract
Tourism, like many other industries, is in a global state of change, influenced by global warming and climate change. There has also been change in consumer behavior and people have started to consider the environment more and more in their everyday lives. It can be assumed that when people have adopted environmentally conscious thinking, they are also letting their travel choices reflect their (environmental) values. In addition to environmental aspects, sustainable tourism includes also socio-cultural and economic perspectives. Still, most of the studies about sustainable tourism have focused on the environmental aspects of sustainability. This study aims to examine customer perspectives of sustainable tourism from diverse sustainability aspects. The goal of this study is to find out if tourists and visitors of protected areas are willing to take part to sustainable tourism activities and if yes, what kind of activities, while they are travelling. In this case different aspects of sustainable tourism (environmental, economical and socio-cultural) are considered. Taking broader perspective is particularly important when the recognition of the possible added value of e.g. sustainable tourism schemes used in diverse areas and businesses is considered. If this research shows that customers get added value from these sustainable activities this would possible give competitive advantage for responsible enterprises in the nature tourism sector. Data for the study are collected during the summer 2011 by using two different kinds of questionnaires. The surveys will include questions related to how willing customers are to behave in a sustainable way when they are travelling. The first one is targeted for potential/previous visitors of national parks and/or protected areas and is implemented mainly as electronic survey distributed via e-mails and social media. The other survey is targeted for visitors on site. The surveys take place in several national parks and protected areas in diverse European countries (e.g. Spain, Finland, Italy, Latvia, UK, Germany, and Slovakia). The data will be analyzed during the summer 2011.

Abstract
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is arguably the main outcome measure in rehabilitation medicine and an important casemix tool. It was devised in 1984 in the USA to be used as universal assessment tool in the Uniform Data System for medical rehabilitation. Its use has since been reported in over one thousand published articles in patients with various pathologies and for various purposes. At the University Rehabilitation Institute in Ljubljana, which is the only rehabilitation hospital in the country and thus provides comprehensive rehabilitation for the whole territory of Slovenia (admitting over 1300 cases per year), compulsory FIM assessment at admission and discharge has been performed (and integrated into the hospital information system) since 2004. FIM consists of the motor and the cognitive subscale with 13 and 5 items, respectively, all rated on a 7-point scale. After numerous publications proved its acceptable reliability and validity within the classical test theory perspective, it has been more recently almost equally widely criticised from the item response theory perspective, especially from the Rasch model perspective. Based on the data from the 2004-2006 period, we previously reported on comprehensive FIM analyses at our Institute (including patient demographics, duration of rehabilitation, other classifications, admission and discharge diagnosis, complications and treatment cessations, and type of admission, treatment and discharge) with emphasis on the general aspects of data visualisation for decision support and healthcare quality monitoring, as well as on modelling FIM patient progress. This paper incorporates data from the 2007-2009 period and focuses more deeply on psychometric issues. Internal validity is tested (in terms of unidimensionality, using Parallel Analysis and the Minimum Average Partial Test, and internal consistency) and the relationship between independence level of single items and the corresponding total subscale scores is assessed using ordinal logistic regression modelling.

Abstract
This is a time of change in tourism values around the world. Consumers increasingly demand environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions during their time off from work. The new trend is nature tourism, which involves staying at tourism centres constructed near nature conservation areas. In addition to attitudes, social structures and legislation have an impact on the construction, site selection and activities of tourism centres. NGOs and local inhabitants often actively follow various tourism projects and try to have their say on how they are implemented. Nature conservation, local sustainable development and tourism cannot be combined without many challenges ensuing. There is a plan to construct the sustainable nature tourism and cultural centre Koli Cultura in the Finnish national and cultural landscape at Koli in northern Karelia. There, an attempt will be made to sustainably combine nature conservation with culture, research, tourism and business. The plan also involves using the centre as a model solution and as an operations platform in Finland and abroad since services are provided in the proximity of nature conservation areas. The centre will be constructed near by the Koli National Park in the Purnulampi area at Koli in 2015. A large group of operators from different professions will participate in the Koli Cultura development project. The Finnish Forest and Park Service (Metsahallitus) that governs the Koli National Park is an important national partner. The project will be brought into international focus by the North-Karelia biosphere reserve, which is part of the Koli region. The biosphere reserve belongs to UNESCOs "Man and the biosphere" (MaB) programme. There are a total of 531 biosphere reserves around the world that serve as models of sustainable development and are ideal for developing nature tourism. The reserves include both nature conservation areas and operational areas. This study will define the concepts of sustainable nature and culture tourism; explain legislation governing tourism in nature conservation areas, the construction of nature tourism centres and their services; examine the international legal and contractual framework and outline the preconditions for a sustainable nature and culture tourism model on a national and international scale. The study is based on an interpretation of the existing legislation and an analysis of thematic interviews with central operators. The study covers the Koli Cultura project specifically but its conclusions may be applied to other nature conservation areas for planning tourism services. The study will be completed in summer 2011.