Abstract
A new electrochemical multisensor was developed designed and constructed, which is suitable for analysis of small solution volumes (5-200 |iL). This multisensor is composed of an array of small sensors - 8 solid working electrodes: 4 different non?toxic solid amalgam electrodes [1, 2], a copper, a gold, a platinum and a glassy carbon electrode. Moreover, solid amalgam composite electrodes can be built-in . The prototype of the tested multisensors contained the following minielectrodes: m-AgSAE (disk diameter 0 0.8 mm), MF-AgSAE (0 0.8 mm), p-AgSAE (0 0.8 mm), copper (CuE; 0 0.6 mm), m-CuSAE (0 0.8 mm), gold (AuE; 0 0.4 mm), platinum (PtE; 0 0.6 mm) and glassy carbon (GCE; 0 2.0 mm), and one platinum auxiliary electrode (0 0.8 mm). The array has the shape of a Teflon disc of 8-mm diameter. The working electrodes were situated on the circumference of the disc, and a platinum electrode, used as an auxiliary electrode common for all working electrodes, was placed in the centre of the disc. Calomel reference electrode based on silver solid amalgam was prepared in a disc-shaped plug to cover the sensor compartment. The newly developed multisensor is especially suitable for fast finding of the most suitable working electrode for a particular determination and for simultaneous obtaining of information from 8 different electrodes which can greatly increase the information content obtained from a single voltammetric run.

Abstract
Understanding the changing organisation and management requirements of research and knowledge production has become an important part of the intellectual asset base. A number of powerful drivers point to an increase in research collaboration between different actors and stakeholder groups. This paper uses extensive longitudinal data of research grant awards made by a single Research Council in the UK to explore this proposition and its implications. The data show a trend towards increased teamworking in the fields of particle physics and astronomy over 25 years, although sole investigation is still important, accounting for 40% of research grant awards made in 2005. The more usual model is for collaboration to occur between members of the same institution. Nevertheless, where collaboration occurs between investigators from different institutions the size of the collaborating team is often greater than where all collaborators come from the same institution. Organizational design, coordination and control and the specific role of ICT are identified as three critical issues facing managers of an increasingly collaborative research process. While satisfying the increasing variety of performance evaluation criteria from different stakeholders add further challenges to managing multi-disciplinary, collaborative team-working for innovative knowledge solutions.

Abstract
In the context of globalization the foreign language skills are considered to be an integral part of a high-quality education. The language skills not only perform the educational function but also provide students with further information resources on their specialty, which can be used to conduct researches and produce articles or reports on their specialty. The article describes the arrangements organized for the students of the first, second and third year of study at International Higher School of Business, SibSAU. The arrangements are aimed at the enhancement of students? interest in learning Business English via competition between different teams. The projects offered allow unlocking creativity, demonstrating leadership qualities and time management skills in teams, using the knowledge gained on their specialty as well as specialized vocabulary. The first-year students are offered to participate in the Phonetic contest, which is the final event on the completion of the phonetic course for the freshmen. The contestants compete with each other by presenting poems, scenes from their favorite writings or songs. The further event, which is called "Week of Managers", involves students of the 2, 4 and 6 semester. Different groups of students receive different assignments according to their background knowledge and the level of English. Thus, the first-year students work in groups preparing a company presentation covering issues given. The second-year students demonstrate videos with the purpose to promote their faculty. The third-year students organize a fair of travel agencies during which every team presents a stand trying to attract new clients. Such arrangements are aimed at demonstrating students? talents and spheres of interests. Moreover, they contribute to the development of students? creativity, inter-disciplinary skills, as well as their knowledge of the English business vocabulary and managerial skills as these are the key factors in the process of becoming a manager.

Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of expertise in processing faces and other visual stimuli. The majority of our studies were conducted on the own-ethnicity ethnicity effect, the differentially better recognition of faces of ones own ethnic group in comparison to faces of another ethnic group. An in-group/out-group model is proposed that integrates existing explanatory models and suggests additional hypotheses regarding a general in-group advantage in processing in-group stimuli. Studies on recognition of faces and horses in normal and inverted view as well as classification and matching studies with real and forged bank notes from different countries are presented. Expertise was operationalized via group membership (own- vs. other ethnic group, adults vs. children), riding experience (horseback riders vs. non-riders), and pre- and post-experience with a new currency (the Euro).

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of MNEs institutional complexity, or the diversity of national institutions facing an MNEs network of subsidiaries, on the compensation of top executives of multinational enterprises (MNEs). MNEs facing greater international institutional complexity need to operate in, and hence understand, the national environments of each of their subsidiaries which may be largely different from the environments of their home countries. The greater these differences are the less likely executives will be to use already established competencies and the greater the amount of information needed to manage the MNEs businesses abroad. Drawing from the information-processing demands school, this study proposes that CEOs and top management teams of MNEs facing greater institutional complexity will be more highly compensated. Using data from 421 U.S. MNEs, we demonstrate that greater political, economic, and sociocultural complexity lead to greater compensation. These results are in line with research demonstrating the importance of institutions on strategic decision making and firm performance. This research also is in line with research demonstrating that compensation likely varies with international diversification.

Abstract
Up until the last year or so, the focus of performing a product LCA has been for company use only. They were performed to better understand our products environmental and energy footprints. Sometimes the data was used for external reasons. With increased awareness by the marketplace and industry sectors, the demand for product LCA information has increased tremendously. Product LCAs have now been included as requirements and/or options in various ?Green? building specifications for product approval for use. Product comparisons using LCAs are being requested by architects, designers and other product segment groups. Working jointly with our customers using LCAs has provided a new step in supplier-customer synergies. This presentation will cover Owens Cornings perspective on the external explosion of LCA requests and our experience with using them with our customers.

Abstract
From spike sequences of single V1 neurons recorded from the macaque monkeys trained to make saccadic eye movements to a visual target, we determined the time course of the signal related to saccadic decision. The firing rate during sequential epochs of 10ms following target onset was correlated with saccadic response time. The correlation between firing rate and response time dynamically changed until saccadic onset; significant correlation emerged at around 45 ms, peaked at 65 ms after target onset, and lasted but decayed until saccadic onset. The time of peak correlation was roughly the same as the mean time of the first spike of visual response. The time course of correlation is reminiscent of the impulse response of human vision to luminance change supporting the hypothesis that ?single-shot output of early temporal filter providing signals for saccadic decision resides within V1 (Ludwig et al. 2005). The results are also consistent with the finding that spike activity of MT within tens of milliseconds can reliably convey information about behavioral choice for a rapid perceptual judgment (Ghose and Harrison 2009).

Abstract
In the late 1980s, the Boston Retinal Implant Project was formed as one of the first two projects of this type. Our group has developed a wireless, hermetic, implantable device with "back telemetry" that is designed for implantation into the sub-retinal space. Our development strategy has been to fully develop all of the technologies that would be needed to produce a device with hundreds of electrodes, each of which can be individually controlled, prior to performing human implants. This approach has been taken to improve the likelihood that our device would yield higher quality vision. The results from other groups that have implanted retinal prosthetics have revealed very promising results from early human trials. The question of what ultimate level of vision might be attainable with devices of this type will be discussed.

Abstract
In prototypical hybrid images such as that of Einstein vs. Monroe pictures, low-spatial frequency face becomes perceptually dominant with smaller image-sizes or longer viewing-distances (Schyns & Oliva, 1999). This apparently indicates an importance of absolute (retinal) spatial frequency in facial recognition. However, this hypothesis is not very definite, since the cut-off frequency also shifts as or and distance are manipulated. To examine the roles of absolute and relative (as defined against face-width) spatial frequencies, we measured the dominance shift with hybrid facial images generated by combining a low-pass and a high-pass face with a common absolute cut-off frequency. In experiments, such hybrid images with 13 different cut-off frequencies were presented with either a fixed size, or a fixed viewing-distance while varying the other parameter, i.e. distance or size. It was found that the cut-off frequencies where the dominance shifts occur are almost identical if they are expressed in relative spatial frequency regardless of the viewing-distance or image-size. These results indicate the importance of relative spatial frequency in face recognition. The dominance shift with regular hybrid images occurs because the cut-off frequency shifts higher and high SF components becomes invisible with smaller sizes or longer distances.

Abstract
Social learning can enhance our ability to plan for resilience across temporal and spatial scales and jurisdictional boundaries. However, social learning has a variety of different meanings (Reed 2010). Rather than choose one, this paper examines conservation learning networks as a means to consider how multiple definitions of social learning can guide the design of collaborative learning networks, an approach to collaboration that balances autonomy and control to advance collective action across scales (Goldstein and Butler 2009, 2010; Butler and Goldstein 2010). This study compares four learning networks: the World Conservation Learning Network, the Local Marine Managed Area system in the South Pacific, Australian LandCare Networks, and the US Fire Learning Network. I consider how these networks enabled different kinds of social learning, including instrumental, tacit, and critical or "double-loop" learning, and I describe how network design and operation makes different kinds of learning possible. I suggest that appreciation of the relationship between network form and learning outcome can refine use of this innovative approach to conservation planning. I conclude with ideas for a networking learning assessment that can assist practitioners in selecting the right networking strategy to meet their needs.

Abstract
The U.S. EPAs Endangered Species Protection Plan, requires states to have county bulletins that provide information about the risks of pesticides to endangered species. North Dakota Department of Agriculture chose Bemidji State University to perform risk assessments on 66 pesticides for five of its threatened and endangered species: Bald Eagle, Piping Plover, Interior Least Tern, Whooping Crane, and Pallid Sturgeon. Species exposure will be estimated by using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) and the Trophic Trace model. The results will be compared and used in risk assessments according to EPA guidelines. The results of this study will: 1). Estimate species body burdens of pesticides according to Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient), Koc (organic carbon in soil-water partition coefficient), and water solubility; 2). Expand Kow and water solubility QSARs to avian species; and 3). Provide a quantitative basis for the preservation and protection of the threatened and endangered species in North Dakota.

Abstract
In this study the aim is to increase our understanding about a certain type of travel experience, namely hunting as a tourist experience. In several countries development of hunting tourism is conceived of as a potentially fruitful economic remedy for peripheral areas (Nyg?rd & Uthardt 2009). Hunting tourism has been studied from regional development point of view (e.g. Matilainen 2009) and impacts of hunting tourism are also studied widely (see. e.g. Samuelsson & Stage 2007), but hunting as a tourist experience or as a consumptive experience has not been on focus in international studies. Ryan (2010) argues that as the tourist experience is shaped by many personalized things (like motive, past experience, individual personalities, persons with whom a place or activity is experienced), to study the tourist experience is of necessity a study of individual stories. A subjective personal introspection (SPI) approach (or autoethnography) introduced by Holbrook 1986 (cited in Holbrook 2005) will be applied in this study. "SPI focuses on impressionistic narrative accounts of the writers own private consumption experiences "(Holbrook 2005, 45). Two of the authors of this paper have participated in hunting in Finland and in US, and the third researcher has documented their discussions and stories. The data will be analyzed by using content analysis. We are especially interested in the content, dimensions and characteristics of a hunting experience, following Holbrooks (e.g. 2005) typology of consumer value. According to Holbrook (2005) customer value is the basic foundation for everything in marketing. He defines customer value as an interactive, relativistic (comparative, personal and situational) preference and experience. His conception of the nature of customer value leads to a typology that reflects three underlying dimensions: extrinsic and intrinsic value, self-oriented and other-oriented value, as well as active and reactive value. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the tourist experience as a consumer experience, and may help hunting tourism developers to craft their offering to better match hunting tourists expectations. Better knowledge of the value creating nature of the experience also assists tourism marketers to communicate the attributes and activities of the product with more sensitivity.