Abstract
This paper examines how spatial staging of sounds in modern popular music recordings are conceptualised and experienced. Recently popular music studies have turned to the study of sounds in space. This can be understood as a way to recognize the impact of recording and postproduction techniques, which allows a fuller appreciation of the distinct spatial logic of recorded sounds. Mapping out phonographic space involves several problems primarily related to the fact that auditory spatial cues found on recordings are dissimilar to the spatial cues we experience in the physical world. The spatial characteristics on recordings are instead, I will argue, a composite of many different environmental characteristics and dynamic force structures. Studio technology and recording practice are seldom part of the way music is conceptualized. In this paper I will present results from a study I have conducted exposing metaphorical expressions in interviews with sound recording engineers. This study revealed that sound engineers often think in force dynamics when describing the inner workings of an audio mix. Using Lakoff and Johnsons work on cognitive linguistics as a guide, I will argue that metaphors offer an alternative medium for understanding the structure and manifestation of phonographic space.

Abstract
This paper examines the layered and critical ways in which intercultural theatre, which has been constructed at the ?crossroads of culture? (to use Patrice Pavis words), addresses colonial epistemic violence by decentralizing both authorship and geo-political localities. Providing examples from a variety of plays and theatrical productions from Europe, Latin America and Asia, this paper illustrates the representational modalities that intercultural theatre adopts to defy the dangers of political incorrectness and cultural appropriation, and to articulate constructive interchanges at the border of nations, cultures, and races. The paper explores the boldness of intercultural theatre in not shying away from the many confrontations inherent in its very artistic idiom; how it has reached out and embraced the challenges of immigration and post-nationalist society; and how it has established a public workshop where spectators can experience, investigate, and process issues of assimilation, diversity, and identity. These theatrical experiments often deconstruct the unproblematic assumption of globalizations ineluctability by shaping new glocalities, where meaningful political avenues and long-lasting negotiations between culturally diverse groups are built.

Abstract
?Digital Music and the Music Business: The Impact of the Internet on Compositional Creativity and New Business Models,? addresses the impact of digitized music files on the Music Industry. File-Sharing, copyright, and new business models are presented as they relate to the ever-changing nature of todays Music Industry. Creativity in composition, production, and distribution are emphasized in the global marketplace. The rate of Internet usage has exponentially grown over the past 15 years and has significantly impacted the creativity methods composers utilize to construct music for distribution. Copyright law and new technologies have accelerated changes that impact the music industry. The music business is a global, multi-billion dollar industry. This paper presents research on the impact of Internet file-sharing on the industry and its influence on artists and the user/listener while giving attention to the creative process of electronic digital music composition.

Abstract
Among several activities in the 2006 Peoples Alliance for Democracy (PAD) rally against Thaksin Shinawatras premiership, ngiw lor kan mueang or a political ? satire in the style of Chinese opera attracted a wide range of audience, i.e. PADs partisans, media, and the public. A large number of the video compact discs (VCD) were released and sold out in a short time, as well as were freely copied by the permission of PAD. The performance was created by Thammasat Universitys alumni who called themselves ?khana ngiw koo chat? -- which literally meant ?the Chinese opera troupe for saving the nation?. Its main purpose was to convey the information about what Thaksin did corruptly and dishonestly by means of satirical content and humour. Even though audiences realised that the rendition of ngiw lor kan mueang was unique to Thammasat University, most of them did never know who the troupe was and even who the actors were as members of the troupe preferred to be ?anonymous warriors?. It is, therefore, interesting to examine why the troupe had to present its ngiw lor kan mueang performance on anti-Thanksin PADs stage and why the form of Chinese opera was chosen to entertain the audience and to reveal messages against ?Thaksinocracy?. The paper also aims to discover the features of performance and to what extent the form of Chinese opera was borrowed to fashion the ngiw lor kan mueang style. 92

Abstract
Throughout time man has traveled to new places and experienced unfamiliar territories often without fear of what lies ahead. However, in todays world any environment outside of our everyday paths of travel can be challenging and intimidating. This research investigated the role typical footpath materials play in communicating a users position within an urban environment. While illustrating the importance of detecting changes in materials, it argues that positional information should be available to all users. To examine this phenomenon, this study compared two components: the user, and the material, while also considering their relationship. A theoretical framework was developed to explain this relationship and a methodological design was used to elicit quantitative values. By doing so, the research produced a means of evaluating existing as well as future use of construction materials as a piece of a larger information system.

Abstract
In 1972, faculty members in the arts at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas USA designed an innovative PhD in Fine Arts degree program in which doctoral students in music, theatre and visual arts embrace core study in all three disciplines, yet maintain a focus on established studies in one particular area of specialization. Students participate in an interdisciplinary curriculum, enrolling in core courses in philosophy (aesthetics), visual arts, theatre and music as well as traditional coursework in their various specialized arts fields. Thirty eight years later, this unique degree offering has had hundreds of graduates, and it is now possible to examine the impact of this program as an example of best practice in interdisciplinary curricula in the arts. The purpose of this paper will be to examine the history of this unique degree offering, to specify the coursework pursued by current participants, and to explore the philosophical underpinnings of the program. Additionally the presenters, representative of the areas of music, theatre, and visual arts, will discuss the various career paths undertaken by PhD in Fine Arts graduates, and will enumerate the scholarly productivity of selected degree recipients. The session will conclude with a discussion of our plans for future evaluation and expansion of this unique, interdisciplinary PhD degree option in the arts.

Abstract
The desire to establish new Main Street centres in preference to ?big box shopping centres has been gathering momentum for several years. The first of the new generation of main streets have been operational for some time and they should be reviewed. This review will consider the following issues: -The need and desire to activate the ground floor plane in the new centres and the impact of this feature on the success. -The role of cars and parking (and related local authority standards) as an inhibitor of oper4ational outcomes and good -design and what this means as a driver of the business. -The role of fringe business and incubator space to activate the centre (not everything is on the corner of Main and Main). -The need for density in around the centre (and what happens if you do not get it). -How to activate a non-anchored centre (what if there are no supermarkets). -The role of local (walkable) and non-local catchments. -The need for multiple sources of market demand and demographic diversity. -The business case for owners, developers and business. The new centres that form the basis of the case studies will also be compared to longer standing successful centres to compare success criteria. The outcome of this paper will be an assessment from an economic/financial perspective of what components of the new centres are successful and what components fail. The implications for designers, planners and developers will be highlighted.

Abstract
This paper examines the cinematic apparatus (dispositif) of Fiona Tan. Drawing on the works of Gilles Deleuze, it analyses the four main dimensions such as visibility, enunciation, power and the self, as well as possibilities for new dimensions, which are created by a state of crisis, since it is such a state Fiona Tan explores in her works: Orientalism and Occidentalism, home and exile, stillness and motion, face and head, landscapes and figures etc. Then, based on the findings of this research, the author will discuss in more detail two themes in the philosophy of dispositifs ? singular processes discovered and the issue of newness and creativity as opposed to history and archive. In conclusion the author will outline how the research on the cinematic apparatus of Fiona Tan can contribute to understanding not only the idea of the ?visual? in the visual arts but also a turn to the cinematic in contemporary art.

Abstract
Revitalising Cultural Precincts in Victoria - enriching our urban and cultural fabrics Abstract: Cultural precincts make an immeasurable contribution to maintaining the rich fabric of Melbournes diverse multicultural communities. They create a focal point for community histories to be recorded, traditions preserved and celebration of language and culture. Using the example of the Cultural Precincts Enhancement Fund, Mr Lekakis will explore the approach Victoria has taken in the enhancement of three of Melbournes most significant precincts - the Italian Lygon Street, the Greek Lonsdale Street and the Chinese Little Bourke Street precincts. this paper will explore the strategies developed to ensure these three cultural precincts are developed to retain their significance in the community and maintain their financial viability. A ?whole-of-life approach has been adopted in planning for the precincts redevelopment that recognises their history, culture, service to the community and their environmental characteristics so as to strengthen their sustainability and attractiveness for investment, cultural and become appealing tourist centres. Mr Lekakis will discuss the governance framework established to operate the Fund and the critical role community engagement and local government partnerships have has played since the inception of the Fund.

Abstract
The freeway is a global model for vehicular movement. It is designed to enable efficiency and alleviate congestion. The freeway is a dominant urban form within almost every major city throughout the world. This paper identifies design strategies and implementation processes that can increase pedestrian accessibility and improve urban amenity within the context of existing freeway structures. The application of this infrastructure within established urban environments necessitates the removal of large areas of existing urban fabric to accommodate an elevated structure. This process typically results in spaces under freeways, or undercrofts, which are ?negative spaces in the fullest sense of the term. They are often empty, liminal spaces; void of a clearly a defined programme, lacking any meaningful connection the formal language or social conditions of the previously contiguous urban fabric. This paper addresses the emerging need for freeway undercroft spaces to connect with, and contribute to, their adjacent environments and examines the critical role of the pedestrian experience in delivering such transformations. This paper will examine a current undercroft conversion project in the Southbank neighbourhood of central Melbourne, Australia. Formerly an industrial area, the neighbourhood has been the subject of dramatic transformation into a high residential environment, bisected by an elevated freeway infrastructure. This paper will also compare and discuss other recent global examples of undercroft transformations. Common to the projects explored is an aspiration to reclaim undercroft spaces for public benefit in the process of ?restitching severed or ?disconnected urban fabric through pedestrian oriented activity.