Abstract
The major source of young childrens development is communication with the closest adults; however today parents rather often have difficulty dealing with their children, and feel qualms about accuracy of their own parent behavior. There are more and more requests for special classes for children of this age. In what way can we both meet such a need of a family and keep the unique relationships between a child and his social (immediate) environment which could provide the most optimal development of his psychological and personal traits? The answer is obvious ? it is essential that parents should become the main participants of such classes. Turning to their experience and creating specific situations for interaction of a parent and his child, on the one hand, we elaborate substantive aspects of their co-operation, on the other hand, we set criteria for parents understanding of their own line towards the child. In Vygotskys cultural-historical psychology, collaboration of an adult and a child is the key factor determining development of the childs consciousness. Having analysed works of such psychologists as Vygotsky L.S. (1984), Kravtsov G.G. (2006), Kravtsova E.E. (2005) we distinguished the characteristics of a parent, that will let an adult ?become the psychological centre of any situation? and provide development of consciousness (personality) of a child. We have distinguished 2 groups of characteristics as basic competences of a parent bringing up a young child: ?general psychological? ? attention to the childs state, understanding of his needs, ability to meet the needs properly and in good time, to control his physical and emotional states; sensitivity is essential, as well as thoughtfulness and understanding of the childs feelings towards various aspects of life and communication; ?complementary? characteristics that allow to interact with the child in accordance with his age and personality traits. These characteristics of communication and behavior of a parent, correlating with the ?hilds age, foster core changes in the childs personality at one or another stage of development. In the Russian tradition, Early childhood is the age that begins, after a child goes through the crisis of the 1st year of life, and finishes with the crisis at age 3. The central neoformation of early childhood (psychological feature that newly appears at a specific age and differentiates it from other stages) is speech. The most powerful means of speech development is communication with parents. Learning physical properties of objects and materials, learning their functions, perception development take place in course of the leading activity of early childhood ? object-centered activity. Knowing the profile of an adult ideal for a young child, we will be able to create conditions for emphasizing the behavior traits of parents communicating with their child, accordant to the leading development lines of the child. Preparing contents of the classes, we encourage development of the parents personality, creating specific communicative situations and co-operation of the parent with his child. During the classes, on a real time basis, parents acquire knowledge of their childs development. This will, first and foremost, let the parents see the psychological and personal traits of themselves, evolvement of which they can see in their kids. The parents reflecting on their own abilities is the main result of the developmental classes in the parent club.